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L1 : Level 1 cache (on CPU). |
L2 : Level 2 cache (off CPU). |
L2TP : Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol. |
L3 : Level 3 cache (off CPU SMP). |
LAN : Local Area Network. |
LAPM : Link Access Protocol for Modems. |
LBA : Logical Block Addressing (hard disk access). |
LBM : DeLuxe Paint BitMap picture file. |
LCD : Liquid Crystal Display. |
LDAP : Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. |
LDIF : Lightweight Data Interchange Format (e-mail). |
LED : Light Emitting Diode. |
LEP : Light Emitting Polymers technology (CDT monitor). |
LFB : Linear Frame Buffer (2D video). |
LFN : Long File Name (256.8 = Win32 32-bit). |
LFO : Low Frequency Oscillator. |
LH : LoadHigh. |
LIM : Lotus/Intel/Microsoft expanded/extended memory specifications. |
LIMAD : LInear MAgnetic Drive speaker technology (Soundmatters). |
LMDS : Local Multipoint Distribution Service. |
LPC : Low Pin Count interface specification (Intel). |
LPT : Line PrinTer. |
LTO : Linear Tape-Open technology (IBM, HP, Seagate). |
LVD : Low Voltage Differential (SCSI-2). |
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:MAC = MAC Paint picture file. |
MAPI : Messaging Application Program Interface. |
MB : MegaByte (1 MB = 1,024 KiloBytes = 1,048,576 bytes). |
MBps : MegaBytes per second. |
mbps : megabits per second. |
MBR : Master Boot Record (partition table). |
MCA : Multilink Channel Aggregation technology (Microsoft Windows 98). |
MCD : Mini Client Driver (Microsoft 3D). |
MCGA : MonoChrome Graphics Adapter. |
MCI : Media Control Interface. |
MDA : Modular Digital Architecture. |
MDI : Multiple Document Interface. |
MDRAM : Multibank Dynamic Random Access Memory (MoSys). |
MGA : Monochrome Graphics Adapter. |
MHz : MegaHertz (1 MHz = 1,000 KHz = 1,000,000 Hz). |
MIDI : Musical Instrument Digital Interface. |
MIME : Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. |
MIP : Multum In Parvum texture mapping. |
MIPS : Millions of Instructions per Second. |
MLA : Modern Languages Association. |
MLPPP : MultiLink Point to Point Protocol. |
MMA : MIDI Manufacturer's Association. |
MMVF : MultiMedia Video Format (NEC DVD). |
MMX : Intel Pentium/Pentium Pro CPU MultiMedia eXtensions. |
MMX2 : Intel Pentium II CPU MultiMedia eXtensions 2nd generation. |
MO : MagnetoOptical. |
modem : MOdulator/DEModulator (data to analog converter/transmitter/receiver). |
MOV : QuickTime MOVie file (Apple). |
MP3 :MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 compression/format standard. |
MPC : Multimedia Personal Computer. |
MPEG : Motion Picture Expert Group |
MPEG-1 : Motion Picture Expert Group 1 video compression standard. |
MPEG-2 : Motion Picture Expert Group 2 video compression standard. |
MPG : Motion Picture Expert Group compressed image file standard |
MPGA : Micro Pin Grid Array (370 pin Intel CPU). |
MR : MagnetoResistive head technology (HDD). |
MRAM : Magnetic Random Access Memory (IBM). |
MRX : MagnetoResistive EXtended head technology (IBM HDD). |
µs : Microsecond (1/1,000,000 = 1 millionth of a second). |
MS : MicroSoft Corporation |
MS-DOS : MicroSoft Disk Operating System. |
MSCDEX : MicroSoft Compact Disc EXtensions device driver (MSCDEX.EXE). |
MSD : MicroSoft Diagnostics (MSD.EXE). |
MSKB : MicroSoft Knowledge Base |
MSP : MicroSoft Paint picture file. |
MSRP : Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price. |
MSS : Maximum Segment Size (Internet protocol). |
MTBF : Mean Time Between Failures. |
MTT : MultiTransaction Timer (PCI). |
MTU : Maximum Transmission Unit (Internet protocol). |
MUD : MultiUser Domain. |
MVA : Multidomain Vertical Alignment technology (LCD screen). |
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NC : Network Computer. |
NDIS : Network Driver Interface Specification layer. |
NetRoom : Helix Software 386 Expanded Memory Manager (RM386.EXE) |
NFS : Network File System. |
NGI : Next Generation Internet foundation. |
NIC : (1) Network Interface Card. |
NIC : (2) Networked Information Center. |
NIST : National Institute of Standards and Technology |
NLP : Natural Language Processing. |
NNTP : Network News Transfer Protocol. |
NOS : Network Operating System. |
ns : Nanosecond (1/1,000,000,000 = 1 billionth of a second). |
NSR : NVidia Shading Rasterizer (GeForce2 GTS chipset). |
NTFS : Windows NT File System standard (32-bit). |
NTSC : National Television Systems Committee (USA TV standard: 525 lines). |
NVRAM : Non Volatile Random Access Memory. |
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OAW : Optically Assisted Winchester technology (Seagate hard drive). |
OCR : = Optical Character Recognition. |
ODBC : = Open DataBase Connectivity. |
OEM : = Original Equipment Manufacturer. |
OGL : = OpenGL (see below). |
OLE : = Object Linking and Embedding. |
OLGA : = Organic Land Grid Array (Intel Pentium III CPU). |
OOB : = Out Of Band. |
OpenGL : = Silicon Graphics Open standard Graphical Language (32-bit 3D graphics architecture layout). |
OpenGVS : Open Gemini Visual System 3D APIs standard. |
OPS : Open Profiling Standard. |
OS : Operating System. |
OS/2 : IBM Operating System/2. |
OSD : Open Software Distribution. |
OSR1 : OEM Service Release 1 (Microsoft Windows 95 version 4.00.950 a: 1st release, upgraded with SP1). Retail + OEM. |
OSR2 : OEM Service Release 2 (Microsoft Windows 95 version 4.00.950 B/C: 2nd release). OEM only. |
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P II : Intel Pentium II CPU (80686 Klamath/Deschutes/Xeon). |
P III : Intel Pentium III CPU (80686 Katmai/Coppermine/Xeon). |
P5 : Intel Pentium/Pentium Pro CPU (80586). |
P6 : Intel Pentium II/III CPU (80686). |
PAL : Phase Alternate Line (European TV standard: 625 lines). |
PAP : Password Authentication Protocol. |
PBC : Pipeline Burst Cache. |
PBM : Portable BitMap UNIX picture file. |
PBSRAM : Pipeline Burst Static Random Access Memory (CPU L2 cache). |
PC : Personal Computer. |
PC99 : Intel/Microsoft PC 1999 System Design Guide. |
PCB : Printed Circuit Board. |
PCD : Kodak Photo CD image file. |
PCI : Peripheral Component Interconnect bus architecture: 32-bit, 33/66 MHz (Intel). |
PCI 2.1 : Peripheral Component Interconnect 2.1 standard: 32-bit, 33/66 MHz (Intel). |
PCI 2.2 : Peripheral Component Interconnect 2.2 standard: 32-bit, 33/66/133 MHz (Intel). |
PCI-X : Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended bus architecture: 64-bit, 133 MHz (Intel/Compaq/HP/IBM). |
PCL : Printer Control Language. |
PCM : Pulse Code Modulation. |
PCMCIA : Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. |
PCS : Personal Communications Service. |
PCX : Zsoft PC Paintbrush Picture file. |
PDA : Personal Digital Assistant. |
PDF : Portable Document Format file (Adobe Acrobat). |
PDP : Parallel Data Processing (Intel I-740). |
pel : Picture ELement: RGB 3 dot pattern (color TV). Also pixel. |
Pentium : Intel Pentium CPU (80586). |
Pentium Pro : Intel Pentium Pro CPU (80586). |
Pentium II : Intel Pentium II CPU (80686 Klamath/Deschutes/Xeon). |
Pentium III : Intel Pentium III CPU (80686 Katmai/Coppermine/Xeon). |
PERL : Practical Extraction and Report Language. |
PFPT : Pure Flat Picture Tube. |
PGM : Portable GrayMap UNIX picture file. |
PIC : (1) Programmable Interrupt Controller. |
PIC : (2) Lotus PICtor/PC Paint picture file. |
PIF : Program Information File (Microsoft Windows). |
PIM : Personal Information Manager. |
PING : Packet InterNet Groper. |
PIO : Programmed Input/Output. |
pixel : PIcture ELement: RGB 3 dot pattern (color CRT). Also pel. |
PLEDM : Phase-state Low Electron Drive Memory (Hitachi). |
PLGA : Plastic Land Grid Array (Intel Pentium II CPU). |
PLL : Phase Locked Loop (CPU clock multiplier chip). |
PMTU : Path Maximum Transmission Unit (Internet protocol). |
PNG : Portable Network Graphics file. |
PnP : Plug and Play standard. |
POP : (1) Post Office Protocol. |
PoP : (2) Point of Presence. |
POP3 : Post Office Protocol 3 standard. |
POST : Power On Self Test (BIOS). |
POTS : Plain Old Telephone Service. |
PPGA : Plastic Pin Grid Array (370 pin Intel CPU). |
PPI : Precise Pixel Interpolation (Intel I-740). |
PPM : Portable PixelMap UNIX picture file. |
PPP : Point to Point Protocol. |
PPTP : Point to Point Tunneling Protocol. |
PRI : Primary Rate Interface. |
PRML : Partial Response Maximum Likelihood (hard drive). |
PRN : PRiNter port. |
PS/2 : IBM Personal System/2. |
PSD : RGB/indexed PhotoShop image file (Aldus). |
PSTN : Public Switched Telephone Network. |
PVR : Personal Video Recorder (TV to digital). |
0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
QBE : Query By Example. |
QDR-SDRAM : Quad Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. |
QEMM : Quarterdeck Systems 386 Expanded Memory Manager (QEMM386.SYS). |
QOS : Quality Of Service. |
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RAID : Redundant Array of Inexpensive (Independent) Disks. |
RAM : Random Access Memory. |
RAMDAC : Random Access Memory Digital to Analog Converter. |
RARP : Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. |
RAS : (1) Sun Microsystems Raster image file. |
RAS : (2) Row Access Strobe. |
RAS : (3) Remote Access Service (Microsoft Windows NT/2000). |
RAVE : Rendering Acceleration Virtual Engine (Apple). |
RAW : Unencoded pixel data image file. |
RDF : Resource Description Framework (Netscape Aurora). |
RDRAM : Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory. |
REG : REGistry text/ASCII file (Microsoft Windows 9x/NT/2000/ME). |
Registry : Microsoft Windows 9x/NT/2000/MERegistry database. |
RegEdit : Microsoft Windows 9x/NT/2000/ME Registry Editor (REGEDIT.EXE). |
RegEdt32 : Microsoft Windows NT/2000 Registry Editor (REGEDT32.EXE). |
RFC : Request for Comments. |
RFI : Radio Frequency Interference. |
RGB : Red Green Blue picture encoding. |
RIMM : Rambus Inline Memory Module. |
RISC : Reduced Instruction Set Computing (CPU). |
RIVA : Real Time Interactive Video and Animation (NVidia 3D). |
RLE : CompuServe/Microsoft Windows Run Length Encoded graphic file. |
RM386 : Helix Software 386 Expanded Memory Manager (RM386.EXE). |
ROM : Read Only Memory. |
RPC : Remote Procedure Calls. |
rpm : Rotations Per Minute. |
RPTV : Rear Projection TeleVision. |
RSA : Public Key Encryption algorithms (RSA Data Security). |
RTC : Real Time Clock (BIOS). |
RTF : Rich Text Format (Microsoft Word). |
RWIN : Receive WINdow (Internet protocol). |
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S3TC : S3 Texture Compression architecture (S3 Savage3D/2000). |
SACD : Super Audio Compact Disc (Sony/Philips). |
SBK : EMU Sound Font BanK v1.0 (Creative Labs SB sound cards). |
SCSI : Small Computers System Interface standard. |
SCSI-1 : Small Computers System Interface 1 specifications. |
SCSI-2 : Small Computers System Interface 2 specifications. |
SCSI-3 : Small Computers System Interface 3 specifications. |
SDDS : Sony Dynamic Digital Sound (8 channel theatre surround sound standard). |
SDK : Software Developers Kit. |
SDRAM : Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. |
SDS : Satellite Data Service. |
SDSL : Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line modem. |
SDX : Storage Data Acceleration (Western Digital). |
SECAM : SEquential Couleur Avec Mémoire (French TV standard: 819 lines). |
SECC : Single Edge Contact Cartridge (Intel Pentium II CPU). |
SECC2 : Single Edge Contact Cartridge 2 (Intel Pentium III CPU). |
SEL : Software Emulation Layer (Microsoft Direct3D). |
SEPP : Single Edge Processor Package (Intel Celeron CPU). |
Serial ATA : Ultra Serial ATA 1500 v1.0 Hard Disk Interface standard (1.5 Gb/sec). |
SET : Secure Electronic Transaction standard. |
SF2 : EMU Sound Font Bank v2.0 (Creative Labs SB sound cards). |
SFN : Short File Name (8.3 = MS-DOS 16-bit). |
SGI : Silicon Graphics Incorporated |
SGML : Standard Generalized Markup Language (W3C). |
SGRAM : Synchronous Graphics Random Access Memory. |
SHDSL : Single pair High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line modem. |
SIMD : Single Instruction Multiple Data (Intel Pentium MMX). |
SIMM : Single In-line Memory Module. |
SLC : Subscriber Line Charge. |
SLDRAM : Synchronous Link Dynamic Random Access Memory (Hyundai). |
SL-DRAM : Synchronous Layout Dynamic Random Access Memory (Siemens/Micron). |
SLI : Scan Line Interleave technology (3Dfx Voodoo2). |
SLIP : Serial Line Internet Protocol. |
SLM : Spatial Light Modulator. |
SMART : Self Monitoring Analysis Reporting Technology standard. |
SMIL : Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (W3C). |
SMP : Symmetrical MultiProcessing standard. |
SMPTE : Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers |
SMTP : Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. |
S/NR : Signal to Noise Ratio. |
SO-DIMM : Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module connector. |
SPD : Serial Presence Detection (EEPROM). |
S/PDIF : Sony/Philips Digital Interchange Format. |
SPI-2 : SCSI Parallel Interface 2 standard (SCSI-3). |
SPI-3 : SCSI Parallel Interface 3 standard (SCSI-3). |
SPP : Standard Parallel Port. |
SQL : Structured Query Language. |
SRAM : Static Random Access Memory. |
sRGB : 32-bit standard Red Green Blue color encoding (Microsoft/Hewlett Packard). |
sRGB64 : 64-bit standard Red Green Blue double-precision color encoding (Microsoft/Hewlett Packard). |
SSA : erial Storage Architecture bus/interface. |
SSE : Streaming SIMD Extensions (Intel Pentium III Katmai/Coppermine). |
SSL : Secure Sockets Layer. |
SSR : Super Scalar Rendering (3D video). |
STA : SCSI Trade Association. |
STD/VR : STanDard Voltage Regulator (CPU). |
STM : Scanning Tunneling Microscope. |
SVGA : Super Video Graphics Array standard. |
SX : X86 Intel CPU without FPU (386/SX, 486/SX). |
Sync SRAM : Synchronous burst Static Random Access Memory (CPU L2 cache). |
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TAPI : Telephony Application Programming Interface. |
TB : TeraByte (1 TB = 1,024 GigaBytes = 1,048,576 MegaBytes). |
T-Buffer : Multiple Frame Buffer rendering engine (3Dfx 3D video). |
TCL : Transform, Clipping & Lighting (ATI 3D video). |
TCO : Total Cost of Ownership. |
TCP : Transmission Control Protocol. |
TCP/IP : Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. |
TEC : ThermoElectric Cooler (Peltier effect). |
Texel : Bilinear TEXtured pixEL (3D video). |
TFT : Thin Film Transistor (active matrix display). |
TFTP : Trivial File Transfer Protocol. |
TGA : TrueVision Graphic file (Targa). |
THD : Total Harmonic Distortion. |
THX : LucasFilm Home/Cinema Theatre Hi-Fi Dolby Digital Surround audio/video standard (RE: George Lucas' first movie: "THX 1138"). |
TIFF : Tagged Image File Format (Aldus). |
T&L : Transform & Lighting (3D video). |
TMM : Terabit Molecular Memory technology (Toshiba DVD). |
TNT : TwiN Texel processing engine (NVidia RIVA TNT 2D/3D). |
TNT2 : TwiN Texel 2 processing engine (NVidia RIVA TNT2 2D/3D). |
TPU : Texture Processing Unit (3Dfx Voodoo/Voodoo2/Voodoo3). |
TSR : Terminate and Stay Resident program/device/driver. |
TTF : True Type Font. |
TTL : Time To Live (Internet protocol). |
TWI : True Web Integration (Microsoft). |
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UAE : Unrecoverable Application Error. |
UART : Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter. |
U-ATA : Ultra Advanced Technology Attachment (EIDE/ATA disk controller/drive). |
UCE : Unsolicited Commercial Email. |
UDF : Universal Disk Format (Compact Disk). |
UDMA : Ultra Direct Memory Access (EIDE/ATA disk controller/drive). |
UDMA/33 : Ultra DMA/Ultra ATA 33.33 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive standard). |
UDMA/66 : Ultra DMA/Ultra ATA 66.66 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive standard). |
UDMA/100 : Ultra DMA/Ultra ATA 100 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard disk controller/drive standard). |
UDP : User Datagram Protocol. |
UDSP : Uniprocessor Digital Signal Processor Drive Electronics based architecture. |
UHF : Ultra High Frequency. |
Ultra160/m SCSI : Ultra3 SCSI standard (160 MB/s burst transfer rate). |
Ultra2b SCSI : Ultra2 SCSI standard (80 MB/s burst transfer rate). |
Ultra DMA : Ultra Direct Memory Access (EIDE drive controller). |
Ultra SCSI : Ultra1 SCSI standard (40 MB/s burst transfer rate). |
UMA : Upper Memory Area. |
UMB : Upper Memory Block. |
UMR : Upper Memory Region. |
UNC : Uniform Naming Convention. |
UNIX : MultiUser Network Operating System. |
UPnP : Universal Plug and Play (future standard). |
UPS : Uninterruptible Power Supply. |
URI : Uniform Resource Identifier. |
URL : Uniform Resource Locator. |
URM : Universal Retention Mechanism (Slot 1 CPU). |
USB : Universal Serial Bus standard. |
USB2 : Universal Serial Bus version 2.0 standard. |
USENET : USEr NETwork (newsgroups). |
USR : U. S. Robotics (3Com modem brand). |
UUE : Uniform Resource Locator UNIX Encoded. |
UUENCODE : Unix to Unix Encoding. |
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V.90 : ITU PCM 56 Kbps analog modem transfer standard. |
V.92 : ITU PCM 56 Kbps analog modem transfer standard. |
VAR : Value Added Reseller. |
VAT : Virtual Allocation Table (Compact Disk). |
VBE : VESA BIOS Extensions. |
VBI : Vertical Blanking Interval. |
VCM : Virtual Channel Memory. |
VCP : Video Cassette Player. |
VCPI : Virtual Control Program Interface. |
VCR : Video Cassette Recorder. |
VDSL : Variable Digital Subscriber Line modem. |
VESA : Video Electronics Standards Association |
VFAT : Virtual File Allocation Table (Microsoft Windows). |
VFIR : Very Fast InfraRed protocol (Hewlett Packard). |
VfW : Video for Windows. |
VGA : Video Graphics Array standard. |
VHD : Very High Density connector standard (Centronics). |
VHF : Very High Frequency. |
VIS : Visual Image Size. |
VLB : VESA Local Bus (VL bus). |
VLM : Very Large Memory addressing (Intel Merced). |
VLSI : Very Large Scale Integration. |
VMM : Virtual Memory Manager. |
VoIP : Voice over Internet protocol. |
VPN : Virtual Private Network. |
VR : (1) Virtual Reality. |
VR : (2) Voltage Regulator (CPU). |
VRE : Voltage Regulator Enhanced (MMX/SSE/KNI/3DNow! CPU dual voltage). |
VRAM : Video Random Access Memory. |
VRM : Voltage Regulator Module. |
VRML : Virtual Reality Modeling Language. |
VSA-100 : Voodoo Scalable Architecture (3Dfx Napalm 3D chipset). |
VSM : Virtual Storage Management (Microsoft Windows). |
VXD : Virtual eXtended (everything) device Driver (Microsoft Windows). |
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W3C : World Wide Web Consortium |
WAIS : Wide Area Information Server. |
WAN : Wide Area Network. |
WAR : Wide Aspect Ratio display. |
WBEM : Web Based Enterprise Management Initiative. |
WDM : Win32 Driver Model. |
WfM : Wired for Management. |
WfWG : Microsoft Windows for WorkGroups 3.1x. |
Win16 : Microsoft Windows 16-bit OS. |
Win2000 : Microsoft Windows 2000 (formerly NT 5.0). |
Win2K : Microsoft Windows 2K (2000). |
Win31 : Microsoft Windows 3.1x. |
Win32 : Microsoft Windows 32-bit OS. |
Win32s : Microsoft Windows 32-bit extensions for Windows/WfWG 3.1x 16-bit. |
Win95 : Microsoft Windows 95 (4.0x.xxxx). |
Win98 : Microsoft Windows 98 (4.1x.xxxx). |
WinME : Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition (4.9x.xxxx). |
WinNT : Microsoft Windows NT 3.xx/4.0x (New Technology). |
WIP : Web Interoperability Pledge (ZDNet) |
WMF : Microsoft Windows MetaFile. |
WORM : Write Once Read Many (CD-R). |
WOSA : Windows Open Services Architecture. |
WPE : Windows Protection Error (Microsoft Windows). |
WPG : WordPerfect Graphic file. |
WRAM : Windows Random Access Memory. |
WTX : Workstation Advanced Technology EXtended (Intel motherboard form factor). |
WWIF : World Wide InterFace. |
WWW : World Wide Web. |
WYSIWYG : What You See Is What You Get. |
0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
x2 : 3COM/US Robotics 56 kbps analog modem transfer standard. |
X86 : Intel X86 CPU (family compatible). |
X87 : Intel X87 FPU (family compatible). |
Xeon : Intel Pentium II/III Xeon CPU (80686). |
XHTML : EXtensible Hypertext Markup Language (W3C). |
XLL : EXtensible Link Language (W3C). |
XML : EXtensible Markup Language (W3C). |
XMM : EXtended Memory Manager. |
XMS : EXtended Memory Specifications. |
XSL : EXtensible Style Language (W3C). |
XT : EXtended Technology (Intel motherboard form factor). |
XVGA : EXtended Video Graphics Array. |
Y2K Year 2000. |
ZAK : Zero Administration Kit for Windows NT workstations. |
ZAW Zero Administration initiative for Windows. |
Z-buffer : Third (3rd) dimension/depth/z axis memory (3D video). |
ZIF : Zero Insertion Force (CPU socket). |
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